Background and Aim: There are more than one hundred species of Lycium (Solanaceae) in the arid and semiarid regions of the world. These drought-resistant medicinal plants have several applications in traditional medicine and modern pharmacy. The fruits of these plants contain vitamins A, E, and C, flavonoids, and other valuable biological compounds. In the present study, the amounts and types of FATTY ACIDs in the fruit pulp of Lycium species have been determined. Materials and Methods: The samples were collected from natural habitats in Iran. Cold methylation and gas chromatography were used to extract FATTY ACIDs. By examining the drawn curves, FATTY ACIDs were identified. The significance of the quantitative results was assessed by a one-way analysis of variance. Results: A total of 22 major FATTY ACIDs were observed in the fruit pulps of Lycium species. The highest diversity of FATTY ACIDs was observed in L. kopetdaghi. In 4 species of L. shawii, L. edgeworthii, L. ruthenicum, and L. depressum, cis-linoleic is the major and abundant FATTY ACID, and only in L. kopetdaghi, the palmitic ACID is more abundant. Conclusion: The findings of the present study are in agreement with previous research. Due to the COMPOSITION of valuable FATTY ACIDs in Lycium species, further research is recommended for its application in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.

In this study, FATTY ACID (FA) COMPOSITION of aerial parts of selected Salvia species from Iran was analyzed by gas chromatography. The amount of FAs was quantified for leaf and shoot of species as mg per kg (mg kg-1) of dry weight. The results showed that FA contents of aerial parts for the studied plants vary significantly between 73. 05 and 739. 50 mg kg-1 of dried weight. Caprylic (C8: 0, 1. 00-380. 49 mg kg-1), elaididc (C18: 1n9t, 0. 73-97. 29 mg kg-1), stearic (C18: 0, 1. 1-62. 97 mg kg-1), palmitic (C16: 0, 1. 19-36. 48 mg kg-1), and α-linoleic (C18: 3n3, 1. 34-19. 36 mg kg-1) ACID were main FAs identified. The numerical analysis was performed on FA COMPOSITION of shoot and leaf of specimens and the shoot FA COMPOSITION was selected to identify the systematic position of studied species. The UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) dendrogram showed that the species are classified into two clusters. Caprylic ACID (C8: 0), behenic ACID (C22: 0), and lignoceric ACID (C24: 0) were chief characters in the infrageneric grouping the species in the genus. S. chloroleuca and S. atropatana were placed in cluster I and separated from other species based on shoot FA COMPOSITION. The discrimination of Salvia species based on their botanical classification was supported by results. The results confirmed that FA COMPOSITION of shoot are distinguishable and can be used as chemotaxonomic markers.

Background and objective: Air pollution by dust of the main problems in the country's West Frontier that is effective role on general health of residents. The presence of bacteria in the air and dust and their harmful effects on human health have been reported in various studies. This study is done to identify the bacteria natural air (free from dust) to dust polluted and compare both the number and diversity of their environment by FAME technique.Materials and methods: samples of natural air and dust contaminated with Particle deposition method on the plate or gravity and using sterile petri plates containing nutrient medium BHI Agar from 5 points in the city in 15 and 30 minutes was conducted in the summer. Plate transported to the laboratory and was incubated at 37oC for 24 to 48 hours. After the growth of bacterial colonies using biochemical tests and techniques FAME Bacterial colonies grown on the medium was studied and identified.Results: A total of 1114 bacterial colonies were counted on 30 plates collected from 5 locations. With Gram staining methods, MacConkey agar medium and Biochemical tests of 13 different bacteria were identified. In the dust air of the city of Ilam at 15 and 30 minutes most of the genus Rhodococcus (15 minutes) and Bacillus (30 minutes). From1114 colonies were counted; the number of 170 colonies of natural air and 944 colonies was dust in the air. The results showed that the highest number of bacteria has been gram-positive cocci in natural air and gram-positive bacilli in the dust air and was not observed pathogenic bacteria in natural air and dust.Conclusion: The results showed that due to the high number of bacilli and spores bacteria in the air of dust are more resistant to adverse environmental conditions and that thereby the survival of most of them.

High intakes of trans FATTY ACIDs (TFAs) is an important risk factor of several disease's specially cardiovascular diseases. Common sources of TFAs are margarines and foods containing partly hydrogenated vegetable oils. Some of the confectionary products like Danish pastries are produced using a kind of partially hydrogenated vegetable oil. Our study was developed to determine the fat content and FATTY ACID profile of Danish pastries produces in Tehran. 30 of Tehran confectionary producers were randomly chosen using the data from Iran’s national center of statistics, and samples were collected from them. The fat content of samples was extracted using rotary and FATTY ACID COMPOSITION of them was determined using GC-FID. Estimation of FATTY ACID contents of samples performed using SPSS ver 15. Our study showed that an average of 29.5%±0.5 of weight of Danish pastries produced in Tehran is fat. Trans FATTY ACIDs consist of an average of 22.3%±0.75 of extracted fat. The mean value of saturated FATTY ACIDs in samples was 34.2%±0.78. According to the results of this study, each one average Danish pastry that weighs 60 gr, includes approximately 18 gr of fat. About 4 grams of this fat consists of trans FATTY ACIDs that are two timed more than the upper limit for taking trans FATTY ACIDs in a day.

Background and objective: Saccharopolyspora erythraea is a member of the aerobic and gram positive actinomycetes and the industrial microorganism for erythromycin production .It has shown that biomass COMPOSITION of any microorganism and production of secondary metabolites strongly depends on COMPOSITION of culture medium.Materials and methods: Spore suspensions of Saccharopolyspora erythraea PTCC1685 were inoculated into flasks containing seeding medium and incubated at 30°C for 40-44 h with 180 rpm in aerobic condition. The appropriate amount of seeding cultures that showed suitable morphology, pH and growth were added into flasks containing fermentation medium. Flasks were inoculated at 30°C for for 11 days with 180 rpm. Biomass in stationary phase had separated by sentrifugation in 4000 rpm for 20 min. For lipid extraction, biomass is homogenized with chloroform/methanol (2/1) to a final volume 20 times the volume of the biomass .After dispersion, the whole mixture is agitated during 12h in an orbital shaker at room temperature. Then the mixture was sentrifuged at 4000rpm for 20 min. Upper phase removed by siphoning. The lower chloroform phase containing lipids evaporated under vacuum in rotary evaporator. Methyl esters of FATTY ACIDs of lipids prepared for GC-Mass analysis.Results: Eight FATTY ACIDs were detected which contained 15 to 18 carbon atoms. 14-methyl pentadecanoic ACID (iC16:0) was in the highest percentage (36.25)% and pentadecanoic ACID (aC17:0) were in the lowest percentage (1.64.)% Other FATTY ACIDs were C17:0(18.9)%, C18:2(14.99)%, C16:0(8.85)%, C18:1 (8.67)%, C18:0(5.47 )% and C15:0 (5.2.)% FATTY ACIDs with less than 15 carbon atoms had not detected in this study. Conclusions: FATTY ACID COMPOSITION and erythromycin production in S.erythreae strongly depends on culture COMPOSITION.

BACKGROUND: Trans-FATTY ACIDs (TFAs), unsaturated fats with at least one double bond in the Trans configuration, are industrially formed in large quantities when vegetable oils are partially hydrogenated. This study was undertaken to quantify the amounts of the common FATTY ACIDs in several commercial oils marketing in Iran.METHODS: The most consumed commercially available brands of vegetable oils were randomly selected from products available in supermarkets. A 10g sample was drawn from each mixed sample and prepared for FATTY ACID analysis by gas chromatography (GC).RESULTS: Palmitic ACID (C16:0) and stearic ACID (C18:0) jointly constituted 21% of total FATTY ACIDs in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (PHVOs). More than one third of total FATTY ACIDs in Iranian PHVOs were Trans fats. TFAs constituted almost 1% and 3% of total FATTY ACIDs in Iranian cooking and frying oils. This study showed higher contents of TFAs in Iranian commercially available hydrogenated vegetable oils. Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used for all statistical analyses.CONCLUSIONS: Although several studies reported multiple adverse effects of TFAs on human health, limited information is available about total FATTY ACID COMPOSITION, particularly TFAs, in Iranian edible oils. Our findings indicated higher content of TFAs in Iranian commercially available PHVOs.

Introduction: The tiger tooth croaker (Otolithes ruber) is a popular fish in the Persian gulf area and due to its economical and nutritional values has attracted the attention of many researchers. The aim of this work is to investigate and evaluate the chemical COMPOSITION of this fish with particular reference to its constituent FATTY ACIDs.Materials and Methods: Moisture, ash, fat and proteins were determined by AOAC standard methods of 952.08, 938.08, 948.16 and 968.06 respectively. The determinations of FATTY ACIDs were carried out according to Morph (1993(.Results: Moisture, ash, protein and fat concentrations were 76.51, 2.10, 15.21 and 4.12% respectively; therefore this fish might not be regarded as a FATTY fish. The saturated, monounsaturated and poly unsaturated FATTY ACID were 34.76, 39.06 and 22.22% of the total FATTY ACIDs respectively. Palmitic and stearic ACIDs were the predominant saturated FATTY ACIDs while oleic ACID with concentration of 22.69 constituted the major mono unsaturated FATTY ACID. Docosahexaenoic ACID a poly unsaturated FATTY ACID at the concentration of 12.23% was present.Conclusion: The results indicated that this fish is a good source of protein and due to its FATTY ACIDs ratio might be regarded as a nutritious and healthy food to be consumed by the Iranian families.